Community Oriented Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Community Oriented Policing - Essay Example One major aspect of this approach is the effort to prevent crime rather than just addressing it after the fact. By focusing on the role of police and the community in recognizing factors that lead to crime and resolving those issues rather than just relating to a crime scene, prevention of crime can be the final result. The philosophy behind this system is full-service personalized policing, working with citizens to identify and solve problems (California, 2008). Studies have shown that the main strategies commonly used in the police department-rapid response, reactive arrest, and random patrol-do not necessarily deter crime (OJJDP, 2004). No matter how quickly an officer responds to a crime scene, injury is often caused within seconds and response time has no real benefit in preventing the crime. Reactive arrest, in response to observed and reported crime, should discourage an individual from committing a similar crime in the future, but that has not been the case, especially with the number of juveniles engaged in crime. Reactive arrest has little effect on juvenile crime. The third strategy, random patrol, is not what the community considers the best use of police resources. The chance of apprehending a criminal by chance has not warranted random patrols as a system of crime deterrence. WitNew Approaches to Crime Prevention With the present efforts to include members of a community in the prevention of crime, COPPS is being put into place throughout the United States. With quality contacts between police and citizens, less crime will occur and knowing what causes crime will minimize occurrences of crime. Some of the benefits realized by this innovative system are as follows (OJJDP, 2004; California, 2008): Surveillance of residential neighborhoods by residents themselves can deter crime. Police can gain information from informal interactions with residents. Interaction with residents also improves residents' ability to protect themselves. When the public respects the police and are confident of police protection, likelihood of crime is reduced. Community involvement establishes new public expectations of and measurement standards for police effectiveness. Involvement requires constant flexibility to respond to all emerging issues. It decentralizes police services/operations/management. It shifts focus of police work from individual incidents to addressing problems identified by the community. The main areas of concern that might lead to crime in a community are based on population, age, economic standing, type of housing, community interaction, employment and education. One area in which crime is most likely is in low-income housing complexes. This type of housing has incurred low esteem through its lack of attractive design and proper maintenance. There is a sameness about this type of property that does not encourage pride of place. The people who live in these units are often unemployed and lack specific skills. Depression, drug dependency, and alcoholism are apt to exist because of inability of tenants to raise their standard of living. Anderson (2001) offers Spelman and Eck's model of three components necessary for crime to

Illuminati and New World Order Essay Example for Free

Illuminati and New World Order Essay Conspiracy theories have been around forever, but today there seems thousands of them. These theories are developed over time, by looking at past and current events throughout time. When we look at these events, we reanalyze them and question whether or not there is more to the story. This is done because we like to create ideas and seek the truth. One of the most well known conspiracy theories is the secret group known as the Illuminati. The Illuminati in modern times is thought of as a secret group, whose members are made of the worlds most influential and famous. These members include world leaders such as presidents, prime ministers and dictators. Even many celebrities are mentioned, mostly being well known song artist. The goal of the Illuminati is to control the economy and use mind control to establish a new world order. All the members involved are rumored to be self-seeking opportunist who perform satanic rituals to bring harm to the masses for their own spiteful desires. Even though This might be just another bogus theory, it is important to be aware of it, otherwise we are doomed because We cant allow ourselves to be blind to the truth and the rich will take advantage of us. Since the Illuminati has control over world finance, politics and media they control a lot of the way we live, but not how we live. Ive looked into the Illuminati for almost five years now and its crazy how much of a stir this idea has caused and how many people talk about it. To me this just gives the theory strength and once an idea has enough believers to back it up, thats when the threnody is no longer just a thought, its a reality. With an idea like this becoming so powerful, its common sense we need to keep our eye open especially with crazy people who will try to attack influential people whom page they believe to be members of the Illuminati. Either way its always nice to be open minded and aware in your approach to life. Now as for the legitimacy of the Illuminati, its real and refers to a very old group called the Bavarian Illuminati, founded by Adam Weishaupt. The term Illuminati comes from the Latin word illuminatus, meaning â€Å"enlightened†. The members of the group were known as the enlightened ones. The Illuminati in the 1700s had a goal to eradicate superstition and the Roman churches domination over science and philosophy. Even though the group only gathered 2,000 members within the span of ten years, keep in mind it was the 1700s and all the members where very influential people. Those influential people were literary men who were attracted to the group because of they faced the same opposition. Eventually Karl Theodore became ruler of Bavaria and he decided to put a ban on all secret groups like the Illuminate, due to his ties with religion. This is where the original Illuminati was supposed to have been disbanded, but throughout time former members who spread their influence and rose back to power. This is where the conspiracy theory starts and the modern day Illuminati begins to rise to power. How they kept communication is widely argued about, the only thing that is consistent is that the old members that were cast out from the original group scattered out and recruited new influential members across the globe from Napoleon Bonaparte to George Washington. Eventually the American Revolution happens and America gains its independence. With George Washington leading this new born nation, this country was being guided by a man who pledged his allegiance to Lucifer in order to gain wealth and fame, at the cost of the suffering of others. With so much power the Illuminati began to rise and never stopped, due to how great a nation America became. Today America is arguably the lone super power nation, filled with the most diverse population and greatest minds from everywhere, we have found a home. The only problem is the Illuminati is a guest in our home and will make it their own if were not aware. Most people would say if secret page organizations like this were so powerful, it would be obvious to spot out and destroy it. This is half true, they are powerful, but with media distracting us everywhere we go, its easy to blend in. The Illuminati will remain hidden until they want to make their big move for world domination. In order to survive we must keep track of its active members and try to limit their growth as much as we can. This theory has been going around ever since the first group broke up in the 1700s and the theory has only continued to grown due to its infamy and signs of credibility. The theory has been presented from everyone all over the world. With a theory as big as this one has become, there are going to be a lot of issues and there needs to be some proof to back its claim. Now its time to show all the symbolism the Illuminati uses to communicate with each other right under the publics nose. They control the currency and the bills we use in America. On the one dollar bill there are so many coincidences. The main one being the eye in the pyramid on the back of the dollar bill. The Illuminatis main symbol the all seeing eye staying true to their original symbol back in the 1700s. Now this may seem like an extremely far fetched coincidence, but theres more. The latin words above and below the pyramid. Above the pyramid it says Annuit Caecares, in latin this means annoucing the birth. then below the pyramid it says nuevos ordo seclorum meaning New world order. Announcing the birth of a new world order seems fitting because America gained its independence, but the next part is where you start to question whats really going on. Below the pyramid is a date May 1st, 1776. The birth of the original Illuminati, not America. It doesnt stop there even the Eagle holding 13 olive branches and 13 arrows. This goes along with 13 stripes on the American flag and the 13 stars above the eagles head. Finally another latin phrase above the eagles head E plubus unum meaning one out of many because thats exactly who controls the worlds money, the 1%. The eagle itself isnt based on the bald eagle, its based on a phoenix. The 1782 seal depicts a Phoenix holding arrows and an olive branch. The same seal the original Illuminati used. Theres just too many obvious signs that some thing is going on with American power in relation to the Illuminati. page Another Illuminati symbol is the owl because of its the symbol of Mivera, the goddess of wisdom. The owl is shown as well in the upper right corner of the face on the one dollar bill. Supposedly many US presidents have bowed down to a giant Owl statue locatin at the bohemian grove. The Bohemian Grove located in Monte Rio, California is a major planning and meeting place of the secret group. The manhattan project was rumored to have been planned there. Also Nixon and Reagan decided who would run for president in that spot as well-(herbs 21). Symbolism is a very important thing when it comes to the illuminati to stay alert of its presence. Especially when it comes to the media and people we look up to.

Drug Usage In Sports Physical Education Essay

Drug Usage In Sports Physical Education Essay Athletes normally use drugs while training and during an event to give themselves an unfair advantage over the other competitors. Drugs can be used during training to allow the person to train for longer, build muscle faster and to quicken the recovery after training, to allow them to train sooner than from the time taken to recover naturally. The world anti-doping agency (WADA) is the head of controlling the use of drugs within major sports, the Olympics, NBA etc.i WADA have banned many substances from use within sports for several reasons, the main reason to protect the athlete and their health as not everyone who takes then performance enhancers does it of their own free will. Other reasons include the prevention of aggressive behavior because some steroids can promote aggression and in a contact sport this could lead to fatal injuries to the opponent. Also the effect performance enhancers has on fair play, taking a substance that gives you an unfair advantage is pure and simple cheating. The use of drugs as an aid in sports dates back to ancient times, where mushrooms and herbs were used by the Greeks and Romans to enhance performance. In the 19th century these mushrooms and herbs were substituted for alcohol, opium and caffeine. In the present day there is a much larger cocktail of drugs used including; anabolic agents, ?2-agonists, diuretics, stimulants, narcotics and beta blockers to mention a few. The aim of this dissertation is to look into the classes of drugs used in the sporting world, how they affect the body, how they work in the body on a cellular level, how athletes are tested for drugs and the side effects of short and long term use. Examples of drugs used Androgenic anabolic steroids are synthetic forms of the male hormone Testosterone, in sports the more common steroids are Stanozolol (aka Stromba) and Nandrolone (aka Deca-Durabolin). WADA (world anti-doping agency) holds a list of all banned steroids from the major sporting organizations some of the oral administered steroids that are banned include Anadrol (oxymetholone), Oxandrin (oxandrolone) and Dianabol (methandrostenolone). Banned injectable steroids include Durabolin (nandrolone phenpropionate), Depo-Testosterone (testosterone cypionate), Equipoise (boldenone undecylenate). Stromba can come in the form of a 50mg/ml injection or a 5mg tablet where Nandrolone comes in a 2ml vial with a dosage of 100mg/ml, the effective dose is 250 1500 mg per week. These drugs when taken increase protein synthesis and enhance muscle development, when used in the medical world these drugs can decrease the itching of chronic biliary obstruction and they are used in the therapy of some aplastic anaemias. Steroids can also be used to compensate for people who can produce testosterone or can produce enough of it for their body to function normally, this is a symptom of 47, XXY males (Klinefelters syndrome).ii In sports the enhanced muscle development side of steroids is more important. It is more likely to observe this type of drug use in athletes who will be required to use a lot of strength, ie weight lifters, shot putters, discus throwers etc in the Olympics. The use of these drugs may also be observed in sports such as rugby and baseball. Normally ?2-agonists are used in the treatment of asthma by acting as a bronchodilator, which requires stimulation of ?2 adrenoceptors. Athletes exploit the ability of these drugs to dilate the airways and use ?2-agonists in order to gain advantage over the competition by being able to take deeper breaths than normal. This was mostly seen in swimming events where the athlete could stay under water longer and reduce resistance while swimming. Some ?2-agonists are still permitted for use by the International Olympic Charter (IOC)iii, the permited drugs are salbutamol, terbutaline, formoterol and salmeterol. However if an athlete is to take one of these drugs they must wait until the initial effects of the drug have passed before competing. This drug is normally taken orally through use of an inhaler. Narcotics are one of the earliest drugs used in medicine for pain relief; they work by acting on the brain to reduce the amount of pain felt. This is useful to athletes who maybe injured to allow themselves to force their bodies back into training. This is very risky, as forcing training upon an injured body can lead to further injury.iv Narcotics can be administered through many different methods, depending on what drug it is. Cocaine is normally inhaled through the nose, heroin is normally injected into a vein and morphine can be administered through IV drip or taken in the form of a tablet. The benefit of this class of drug is it allows the athlete to push themselves further, through what is known as the pain threshold. The pain threshold is like a wall that athletes will hit while training vigorously for extended periods of time, this wall is often difficult to overcome and the use of narcotics aids in this battle. This class of drug doesnt just include illegal drugs such as hero in or cocaine but also includes morphine, and although mild, codeine. Diuretics which include Frusimide, chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide come in a tablet form and can prevent the reabsorption of water from the kidneys, this is used in the medical world as treatment for heart failure and hypertension, and it can also be used in lower concentrations to reduce blood pressure. Diuretics are controlled in sports due to their ability to remove water from the body; this type of drug is mostly beneficial to athletes who are trying to make a weight class, ie boxing. If an athlete is meant to be in a middle class weight group and looses water to put him in a light weight class it gives him an unfair advantage over who he may be fighting. Diuretics can also be used to mask the effect anabolic steroids have on the body, as these steroids can cause the body to retain water. Diuretics have also been taken to try and cover drug usage when tests are carried out, as diuretics can control the excretion of water from the body they have been taken to try and dilute the concentration of other drugs in urine.v Beta-blockers are a primary therapeutic use in the fight against cardiovascular disease, but it was also found during treatment that these medicines stopped muscle tremors.vi This is of benefit to the sports of professional archery or shooting in the pentathlon and can also be used in snooker. The down side to this is the disadvantage it holds in activates that exert the body like long distance running, so to combat the use of beta-blocker so the officials of the pentathlon held the long distance running and shooting on the same day. However the athletes then started using beta-blockers with a shorter half life. Discussion The drugs used in sport all work to the same purpose which is to enhance ones performance in a specific event through non-natural means. Although all the drugs described work towards the same goal, they each work differently in the body on a cellular receptor level. In this section I will describe and discuss the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of some of these drugs. I will also look at the desired effects on the body and the unwanted effects as well as metabolism of drugs. Pharmacokinetics deals with the half life of drugs in the body, the metabolism and excretion of drugs from the body. Pharmacodynamics is how the drug produces its response, the receptors involved and where they may be located in the cell and what organs are affected by the drug in question. Pharmacokinetics The body is a very effective tool when it comes to transforming active chemicals into inactive ones. This process is done through the use of enzymes normally produced by the cells of the liver, but some other cells throughout the body are also used for metabolism. In relation to this topic metabolism is simple changes to an active chemical or drug into a safe metabolite which can then be excreted from the body.vii However metabolism does not always work this way, sometimes an active compound can be metabolized into another active compound which the same pharmacological effect with higher or lower potency or a completely different pharmacological effect. An active compound may also be changed into a toxic metabolite or an inactive drug can be activated. Drugs can be eliminated from the body through many means. The compounds can be passes through urine from the kidneys or in faeces from the rectum. They can also be passed from the bodys salivary glands as saliva, from the sweat glands, the pulmonary epithelium as exhaled gasses and from mammary glands in the form of mammary milk. The half life of a drug is the time taken for the concentration of a drug in your system to half; the half life varies from drug to drug. Normally a drug is taken at regular intervals to keep its concentration in the therapeutic level. Athletes however may only take one dose of the drug for their upcoming event. Pharmacodynamics Anabolic steroids bind to androgen receptors found in the prostate, skeletal muscle, the liver and the CNS. The highest expression level was observed in the prostate, adrenal gland and epididermis which were determined by real-time PCR reactions.viii The androgen receptors are located in the cytoplasm of a cell, which is why steroids have to be soluble compounds. Once testosterone or DHT binds to a receptor it is translocated to the nucleus. Androgen receptors are directly linked to the regulation of gene transcription, when a receptor is stimulated by testosterone it produces primary male characteristics by activating hormones in the wolffian duct. Wolffian ducts are embryonic structures which form the male internal genitalia.ix The secondary male characteristics such as hair follicles are a response to DHT binding to the androgen receptor; DHT is produced when 5-alpha-reductase acts on testosterone. One of the more common side effects of this drug is the inhibition of your own hormones. If more of a hormone is introduced into your body it will cause your body to react and produce less of the hormone. Other side effects include not being able to perform sexually, steroids can lead to an increase in LDLs (bad cholesterol), an increase in estrogen has also been observed which can lead to the development of breast tissue in men and steroids can also have a damaging effect on the liver. ?2-agonists as the name suggest work on ?2 adrenoceptors which are located on the cell membrane. When a ?2-agonist binds to a ?2 adrenoceptor it causes smooth muscle relaxation which in asthma sufferers dilates the airways and helps them to breathe normally, in athletes this allows them to take deeper breaths and inhale more oxygen which increases stamina and reduces fatigue. The major side effect from ?2-agonists is cardiac arrhythmia, this is due to an increased myocardial oxygen demand, ?2-agonists can also lead to angina in patients with coronary artery disease and tremors have also been observed. Narcotics are classed as opioids, which are any drug that produces morphine-like-effects, and bind to opioid receptors. Opioid recrptors are linked through G-proteins to inhibition of adenylate cyclase and facilitate the opening of Potassium channels which causes hyperpolarisation. This binding also inhibits the opening of calcium channels which inhibits transmitter release. The side effects of these drugs include respiratory depression, euphoria, sedation and dependence. There are three subcategories of opioid receptors, , ? and ? receptors. Pure opioid drugs have more of an affinity for receptors; this binding is what produces the euphoric effect of opioid drugs.xThe opioid receptors can be found both presynaptically and postsynaptically depending on the cell type. Receptors are mostly presynaptic in the periaqueductal grey region of the brain. These receptors can also be found in layers of the cerebral cortex and the intestinal tract. Diuretics are divided into two categories; loop diuretics which are of the most powerful and distal tubule diuretics. Normally less than 1% of sodium that is taken into the body is excreted but the use of loop diuretics causes fifteen to twenty percent of filtered sodium to be excreted with copious amounts of urine. Loop diuretics work by inhibiting sodium, potassium and chloride co-transporters in the thick ascending loop and increase potassium and calcium loss.xi The unwanted effects of this include dehydration and hypokalaemia (defined as a potassium level of less than 3.5 mEq/l). Beta-blockers attach to ? adrenoceptors on cells of the heart and produce no response in the cell. The body normally responds to stress by releasing lots of adrenaline which activates the bodies fight or flight response which is normally useful in the cases of being chased by a bear. Some athletes however have to keep their cool and take beta-blockers to stop this response from occurring.xii Athletes that require a steady hand for accurate aim in archery may be persuaded to take these. The undesired effects of this type of drug is it disallows your heart rate to increase, so if beta-blockers are taken before a race blood wont circulate oxygen around the body fast enough to maintain a fast pace. Conclusion From my research I can understand why some athletes may take performance enhancing drugs but I am not certain the short term gain outweighs the long term loss. Boxers who are a tiny bit heavy and have to go into a tougher weight class are understandably scared; they will be among the lightest in their class going up against bigger guys, where if they use diuretics and drop some water they become the bigger guys in a lower weight class. For some athletes they may be getting on in their career and want to end it with a win so they cheat in order to finish their career on a high. Athletes at the start of their career are out of their minds, to put it politely, to use these drugs because they have a whole career ahead of them to work on weakness in a natural way and better themselves each year until they achieve their victory. Is it not better to work hard at something and reap more self satisfaction knowing that you have trained hard and achieved your goal of your own doing without damaging your body, than to win a hollow victory through the use of drugs and then be disgraced when tests come back positive for drug use. All in all I think drugs should stay where they belong, in the hospitals where they are of most benefit to society. i World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) constitutive instrument of foundation, 1999, lausanne (www.wada-ama.org) ii Hormonal studies in klinefelters syndrome august 1974, C. Wang, H.W.G. Baker, D.M. DEKrester, B, Hudson iii International Olympic Charter against doping in sports, medical commission, IOC 1990 iv Drugs in sport fourth edition, 2005, David R. Mottram v The influence of diuretics on excretion and metabolism of doping agents, 1986, Delbeke FT, Debackere M vi Heart failure reviews, pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of beta-blockers in heart failure volume 9/issue 2 April 2004 , Springer Netherlands vii Drugs and the human body fifth edition 1996, Ken Liska viii The androgen receptor: a mediator of diverse response, 1996, Keller ET, Ershler WB, Chang C [pubmed] ix Regulation of wolffian duct development, 2007, Hannema SE, Hughes IA [pubmed] x A primer of drug action, A comprehensive guide to actions, uses and side effects of psychoactive drugs eleventh edition, 2007, Robert M. Julian, Clair D. Advokat, Joseph E. Comaty xi Rang and Dales pharmacology sixth edition, 2007, H.P. Rang, M. Maureen Dale, James M. Ritter xii Pharmacology fifth edition, 2003, H.P. Rang, M.M. Dale, J.M. Ritter, P.K. Moore

Lethal Tools of Our Past-Weapons of The Frontier :: essays research papers fc

Lethal Tools of Our Past- Weapons of The Frontier   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A starving man paves his own highway with the calloused soles of his hunger. Out on the untamed wastelands, forests, and prairies it was the way of the gun, the knife, and the axe for all that managed to survive. And survive these brave men and women did with a sheer will of endurance that the pampered of today’s world has not come to know even the shadow of. In our modern comfort we live in what legacy these bold souls carved out of this nation, and much of the thanks we must give is passed to the sweat-hewned implements of their survival, the weapons of the frontier.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scourging the countryside for this evening’s meal or simply keeping wary of impending danger, one often felt naked without a trustworthy gun at their side. A firearm often made one feel invincible, for the power of a bullet could protect the weakest and cowardly from even the strongest and fiercest of animals and people. In it’s use it proved to be an action that spoke louder than words, many a quarrel has been put to rest through this instrument, whose music is often not one of good cheer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rifle and the coveted shotgun, literally brought home the bacon. With sleek models such as the Winchester .44 in 1873, accurate targeting sights increased a hunter’s ability to take down his prey, even from large distances, often exceeding 200 yards. The other weapon of choice, the shotgun, did not boast a straight, clean shot, but had the capacity to tear anything to shreds in a single blast. A short barrel provided the advantage of a wider blast range and easier handling (Trachtman et al 50). In many battles, the shotguns were often preferred for their simplifying features.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the frequently lawless country that the United States had become, a quicker solution for combat was deemed necessary. It did not take long for such handguns as the 1873 Colt Peacemaker to emerge as the weapon of choice for gunfighter, cowboy, sheriff or civilian. Fighting men everywhere considered the peacemaker’s balance and durability superior to that of other revolvers of the day, and they expressed their appreciation by clamoring for a variety of versions – some decorative or modified for a fast draw, others were plain, but all were lethal (Trachtman et al 43). With a growing consideration of violence, many Americans rushed to buy them in large quantities, often through the mail.

Poet’s childhood Essay

â€Å"In Mrs. Tilscher’s Class† by Carol Ann Duffy deals with one central theme. The theme of growing up is the main idea within the poem and is repeatedly imprinted throughout the poet’s childhood. This theme leads on to the more abstract idea of the child already maturing into a great poet. Her mind’s eye is unbounded as she transforms her classroom into a place of riches and resides in her own world of imagination. Written improbably through the 2nd person viewpoint, the poem expresses these ideas personally to the reader, hence allowing us to empathise with the poet. The poet is able to recall several aspects of her primary school days, and is consequently able to paint a picture of her memories from the viewpoint of a young child. The writer not only conveys an inviting warm atmosphere of a 1960’s classroom, but also unveils a liberal outlook to her childhood. A colourful classroom with numerous displays is made known to the reader: â€Å"The classroom glowed like a sweet shop. † The classroom is made into a place of riches with this visual simile, used to radiate wonders of the child’s mind. The word â€Å"glowed† in this line is a metaphor all on its own. The metaphor allows the reader to visualise the sweetshop gleaming due to the light refracting through the glass jars and translucent sweets. The poet can also bring to mind the teacher’s blackboard, as she informs the reader of how â€Å"the chalky Pyramids rubbed into dust. † In a literal sense the chalky lines on the board became chalk dust. The poet imagines this to be great pyramids and monuments being eroded inevitably by time. The bell signifying the end of playtime is remembered as: â€Å"The laugh of a bell, swung by a running child. † This auditory image incorporates the personification of the bell, to compare its sound to an incessant laugh of a child. The bell’s laugh is a transferred epithet from the child, as the children too were laughing, overwhelmed with joy as they returned to their classroom for another dose of Mrs. Tilscher. The poet’s joy is so intense and infectious, that it reaches out and transforms the whole scene. Such is the magnitude of the poet’s emotion. The laugh is also a visual image, as the reader can see a smile as the arc of the bell, and the clapper hitting the sides of it is almost comparable to a tongue. However other images such as a â€Å"skittle of milk† are more informative and suggest the time setting of the poem. The poet also remembers a music room next door to her classroom, though only by means of â€Å"a xylophone’s nonsense† heard. This auditory image describes the noise of the xylophone next door and this is further expanded by the use of the single metaphoric word â€Å"nonsense† which implies the vague unclear noise heard and the fact that the primary school children are producing uncoordinated music. The â€Å"enthralling books† were not to be forgotten to the poet, as they had made her a slave to them continually, due to their alluring influence. All the images used to recall aspects of the poet’s primary school principally focus on an emotional and sensual level. The primary school classroom may have been a place memorable to the poet through various images, but the definitive piece of the poet’s 1960’s school life was Mrs. Tilscher. Mrs. Tilscher’s voice is not even forgotten, as the poet reminisces her voice as she â€Å"chanted the scenery. † Mrs. Tilscher’s chanting brings about connotations of music in her voice and melodic speech. It also brings about a sense of religion, as she is made comparable to a pastor in a church chanting a sermon, enlightening and entrancing us all. Mrs. Tilscher is portrayed as a compassionate teacher: â€Å"Mrs. Tilscher loved you† and shows kindness and care. The terms around the lines focused on Mrs. Tilscher also have an implication on how she is illustrated to the reader. Words with intense connotations such as glowed, sweet, sugar and coloured have associations with moods of joy, brilliance, love and bliss which all elaborate on Mrs. Tilscher’s image. The teacher is also illustrated to be appreciative: â€Å"Some mornings you found she’d left a good gold star by your name. † Although it seems that the poet finds aspects of the classroom just as unforgettable as Mrs. Tilscher, the poet essentially portrays the classroom’s essence to be the work of Mrs. Tilscher, through her tone of voice. Choices of words or diction such as â€Å"could† have connotations of possibility. When put into context and further developed on, the implications go as far as unconstrained and limitless possibility. The teacher opens up a whole world of possibility, and it is because of this the poet remembers so much about her classroom, a boundless environment. It is because of Mrs. Tilscher that the poets classroom surroundings were made to be so memorable. The poet’s tone of voice and language varies throughout the poem, and strong distinction is made between the first two stanzas and the last two stanzas. The language in the first two stanzas is exceptionally exuberant, more child-like in an emotional sense and the imagery is much more pleasant to envisage, filled with colour, vibrancy and liveliness: â€Å"Sugar paper. Coloured shapes. † Each individual phrase builds up an atmosphere full of warmth. However the last two stanzas are less joyous in their atmosphere, as the poet makes her transition to a state of being overwhelmed by hormones. The word connotations also vary greatly in these two stanzas, bringing suggestions of anger, accusation and dismay: â€Å"You kicked him, but stared at your parents, appalled. † The stanzas are also bleaker in description and imagery is uninviting: â€Å"The air tasted of electricity. † The poet’s feelings in stanza four are troubled, after being introduced to topic of how she was born: â€Å"A tangible alarm made you always untidy, hot, fractious under the heavy, sexy sky. † Such sentences furthermore use more mature and sophisticated language, which coincide with her growth as the language also develops. Therefore the poet’s outlook and tone of voice changes as she becomes much more interested in growing up than going to primary and learning in a high-spirited vibrant classroom. The reader of the poem is invited to personally explore the main ideas within the poem. This personal involvement of the reader seems appropriate, as the main theme conveyed, the journey of growing up, is your own personal exclusive journey. This personal involvement is due to the narration of the poem from the second-person viewpoint. This is shown through the excessive use of the second-person pronoun â€Å"You. † By using this narration style, the experience of the young poet is made universal and common. We can all be subjected to her experiences of growing up from the second-person narrative perspective. Although the reader finds it easy enough to face the poet’s experiences, Mrs. Tilscher feels that she should have no influence in the young child’s journey of growing up, and that such a journey should proceed at the person’s own pace. When the child asks the teacher about how she was born, â€Å"Mrs. Tilscher smiled, then turned away. † Mrs. Tilscher may have believed that the poet would learn in her own time, but the poet nevertheless encourages the reader to enter her journey. The poem illustrates two worlds in which the poet resided during her childhood days. The reader is able to capture not only the essence of the classroom, but also the limitless realm of the child’s imagination. Both these worlds exist alongside each other agreeably as the classroom is made into a creative place itself due to the influence of Mrs.Tilscher. The foremost apparent world presented by Carol Ann Duffy is the classroom. The classroom conveys images of riches, sweets, colour and joy. However beyond this, the classroom is seen to be a sanctuary. The classroom was a safe house against the world of murder and crime outside, as suggested by the mention of â€Å"Brady and Hindley† of the 1960’s. The real world begins to force an entry into the child’s reverie as she slowly begins to become conscious of the world outside. This is the first occasion in which the poet shows signs of growing up, which enforces the main theme of the poem. The girl learns that the real world isn’t to be trusted. The classroom however is portrayed as a world of its own, not troubled by the likes of such horrific murderers. The fear fades away in the classroom, and along with this so does the little hint of adulthood. She postpones her transition into adulthood for the meantime, as the poet shows us by using a child-like image after the allusion: â€Å"Brady and Hindley faded, like the faint uneasy smudge of a mistake. † This second component to the sentence indirectly illustrates the use of a pencil, and the occurrence of â€Å"silly mistakes. † It is because of this implication that the poet moves back into the state of childhood. The growth of the poet is exemplified in this classroom world, and therefore this world is very significant to the theme. Conversely, on a more abstract plane, the poem portrays another world within the child’s mind. A whole world of imagination and vision. The poet expresses that she â€Å"could travel up the Blue Nile with your finger tracing the route. † The poet is tracing her finger down the Nile, and is in her imaginative world of Egypt. On the other hand, in reality the teacher is demonstrating sketch maps on the board. The word within the poem, which establishes both worlds within and without, is a metaphor on its own. The word â€Å"travel† is the single metaphor, which suggests that the poet is on a journey within her mind, when actually she is stationary within her school seat. The poet also conveys the main theme in this imaginative world, as the child not only travels with her finger and during her daydream, but she furthermore travels through her journey of growing up. The child is beginning to grow into a great poet, and this is shown through various lines within the poem. A very strong contributor to this idea of the girl growing into a great poet is an example of synaesthesia: â€Å"The scent of a pencil, slowly carefully shaven. † This image appeals to all of the senses at once, and incorporates kinetic, olfactory, visual and tactile aspects. This line shows how the poet â€Å"carefully shaved† her pencil, just in the same way she carefully crafts sentences. This is extended even further by the link made between the writing tool and the writing process. The child poet is even able to link this image full of senses to the main theme of growing up. The act of the girl carefully shaving the pencil, symbolises how she is shaving or peeling off her childhood as she makes the transition into adulthood. The poet gradually conveys to the reader that there are two states of growth within the poem, and that the girl is maturing both into adolescence and into a mind of an exceptional poet. The last stanza of the poem focuses the atmosphere and the attitude of the poet into an uninviting overcast, but also centers in on the theme. It illustrates the â€Å"feverish† month of July, oppressed by the summer and heat. Alongside this are the hormones of the child, felt almost within the air. These hormones amplify the effect of the afflicting heat. The air also â€Å"tasted of electricity†, which conveys the anticipation of summer thunderstorms due to the heavy air. However â€Å"electricity† also relates with the hormones to suggest that the child will spark at random times and also that the growth of the child is full of charge, energy and excitement. Further along, the use of the phrase â€Å"a tangible alarm† portrays an almost touchable fear within the air. This fear made the girl â€Å"fractious under the sexy sky. † This expresses to the reader that the girl had many sudden outbursts of anger due to her hormones. These hormones influence her thoughts and are the causes behind the poet using the term â€Å"sexy† to describe the sky. The last line of the poem communicates how this adolescent phase is like a thunderstorm. The thunderstorm represents her feelings of puberty, as she feels as though the whole world is coming down on her, just as in a thunderstorm. The lightning of a thunderstorm also links to the connotations of the â€Å"electricity. † The lightning of the thunderstorm could symbolize the mood swings awaiting the child. The lightning also illustrates the fact that there is an unsettlement within the child, as if an electric current was continually running through her. The rain of a thunderstorm conveys the downpour of gloom upon the child throughout the hard times to come. On an overall view the experience of puberty and growing up is just a phase and in time will pass. Soon the child will be entirely in adulthood. Likewise the thunderstorm is just an unpleasant phase in the sequence of weather and in time shall pass. Before long the sun will overpower such a ghastly occurrence of weather. Overall, â€Å"In Mrs.Tilscher’s Class† by Carol Ann Duffy is a poem which allows the reader to personally identify themselves with the poet. The poem is contrastive between the stanzas and thus the poet is able to isolate the main idea. Two worlds are created expressing the wonders of the classroom, but also illustrating the unconstrained world of the girl’s imagination. Through these two worlds we see signs of the girl growing into a great poet. However the most essential idea of the poem is the theme of growing up and maturing. It is a journey through adolescence: â€Å"You ran through the gates, impatient to be grown. â€Å"

Computing professional essays

Computing professional essays A Formal Interview of Devin Blank The computer industry has taken a remarkable turn over the past 10 years. The foundation of multi-million dollar companies rest on the hands of those skilled to handle the demands of todays business networks. Email, fax and file services, print sharing and remote file access, are among the many vital functions that business network administrators are responsible for maintaining. Devin Blank is a Web Security Analyst for the Dallas based branch of Delloite and Tousch. Being a company that was built to rely on computer networks, Delloite and Tousch requires and is comprised of state-of-the-art technology ranging from palm applications to multiple branch servers. Devin handles some of the maintenance and trouble shooting for the web based applications at the company. During our interview he elaborated on the following questions. 1. What is your formal job description? Devin is a Web Security analyst for Network Service. He said that in this position he is responsible for the maintenance and security of the web based applications connected to the company. He is often contracted by outside companies to consult and diagnose their networks for security purposes. 2. How long did it take you to obtain this position? Devin attended Texas A and M University in College Station, Texas. He graduated with a four-year degree in Business Finance with a specialization in network computing. So looking at the big picture, it took 4 years of college plus the summers of internship in his field. After the hiring process, Devin was placed with an on-the-job trainer for 6 months. Th ...

Slavery in South Africa essays

Slavery in South Africa essays Throughout the history of the world slavery and racism has existed in many societies. This has held especially true in Africa and Southern Africa. Even when the self deemed "more civilized" Europeans began to settle in Africa, black men and woman continued to be treated as property and less than "white." The Khoi were a group of people that coexisted with the white settlers from the early beginning and their progress of racial conflict with the white settlers reflected the progress that was being made world wide. South Africa was hard pressed to change its values on racial equality even with the outside pressures of England and the rest of the known world. Racism was already an issue before the Dutch East India Company's settlement at the Cape Colony became a reality. Previous prejudicious learned from racism overseas back in Europe was already embedded into the minds of the white settlers before they ever reached Africa. When they encountered tribesmen of the Khoi their initial instincts told them that they were superior to these Africans. They were white, and these African tribesmen were black, so in the European's minds they were inferior. On the other hand, the Khoi had never encountered a racist environment before. They had no reason to expect someone to try to enslave them or treat them as something other then equal. They were used to incorporation foreigners into their society as equals, as they had done with other African tribes. Since the Khoi had no presupposed notions of racism developed into their culture, it was easier for the white settlers to gain an advantage in confrontation. For example, black slaves were br ought over from the Dutch East Indies, therefore already bringing a preexisting slave movement into the area. Trade played a large role in the Khoi subordination to the European settlers. The Dutch East India company planned on acquiring meat from the Khoi. Cattle were central to the Khoi li...

Women of the Black Arts Movement

Women of the Black Arts Movement The Black Arts Movement began in the 1960s and lasted through the 1970s. The movement was founded by Amiri Baraka (Leroi Jones) following the assassination of Malcolm X in 1965. Literary critic Larry Neal argues that the Black Arts Movement was the â€Å"aesthetic and spiritual sister of Black Power.† Like the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Arts Movement was an important literary and artistic movement that influenced African-American thought. During this time period, several African-American publishing companies, theaters, journals, magazines, and institutions were established. The contributions of African-American women during the Black Arts Movement cannot be ignored as many explored themes such as racism, sexism, social class, and capitalism. Sonia Sanchez Wilsonia Benita Driver was born on September 9, 1934, in Birmingham. Following the death of her mother, Sanchez lived with her father in New York City. In 1955, Sanchez earned a bachelor’s in political science from Hunter College (CUNY). As a college student, Sanchez began writing poetry and developed a writer’s workshop in lower Manhattan. Working with Nikki Giovanni, Haki R. Madhubuti, and Etheridge Knight, Sanchez formed the â€Å"Broadside Quartet.† Throughout her career as a writer, Sanchez has published more than 15 collections of poetry including Morning Haiku  (2010); Shake Loose My Skin: New and Selected Poems  (1999); Does Your House Have Lions? (1995); Homegirls Handgrenades  (1984); I’ve Been a Woman: New and Selected Poems  (1978); A Blues Book for Blue Black Magical Women  (1973); Love Poems  (1973); We a BaddDDD People  (1970); and Homecoming  (1969). Sanchez has also published several plays including Black Cats Back and Uneasy Landings  (1995), I’m Black When I’m Singing, I’m Blue When I Ain’t  (1982),  Malcolm Man/Don’t Live Here No Mo’ (1979), Uh Huh: But How Do It Free Us?  (1974), Dirty Hearts ‘72  (1973), The Bronx Is Next  (1970), and  Sister Son/ji  (1969). A children’s book author, Sanchez has written A Sound Investment and Other Stories  (1979), The Adventures of Fat Head, Small Head, and Square Head  (1973), and It’s a New Day: Poems for Young Brothas and Sistuhs  (1971). Sanchez is a retired college professor who resides in Philadelphia. Audre Lorde Writer Joan Martin argues in Black Women Writers (1950-1980): A Critical Evaluation that Audre Lorde’s work â€Å"rings with passion, sincerity, perception, and depth of feeling.† Lorde was born in New York City to Caribbean parents. Her first poem was published in Seventeen magazine. Throughout her career, Lorde published in several collections including  New York Head Shop and Museum  (1974),  Coal  (1976),  and The Black Unicorn (1978). Her poetry often reveals themes dealing with love, and lesbian relationships. As a self-described â€Å"black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet,† Lorde explores social injustices such as racism, sexism, and homophobia in her poetry and prose. Lorde died in 1992. bell hooks bell hooks was born Gloria Jean Watkins  on September 25, 1952, in Kentucky. Early in her career as a writer, she began using the pen name bell hooks in honor of her maternal great-grandmother, Bell Blair Hooks. Most of hooks’ work explores the connection between race, capitalism, and gender. Through her prose, Hooks argues that gender, race, and capitalism all work together to oppress and dominate people in society. Throughout her career, hooks has published more than thirty books, including the noted Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism in 1981. In addition, she has published articles in scholarly journals and mainstream publications. She appears in documentaries and films as well. hooks notes that her greatest influences have been abolitionist Sojourner Truth along with Paulo Freire and Martin Luther King, Jr. hooks is a Distinguished Professor of English at the City College of the City University of New York. Sources Evans, Mari. Black Women Writers (1950-1980): A Critical Evaluation. Paperback, 1 edition, Anchor, August 17, 1984. Hooks, Bell. Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism. 2 Edition, Routledge, October 16, 2014.

Isadora Duncan harmony with dance Research Paper

Isadora Duncan harmony with dance - Research Paper Example Her free flowing pattern of dress is said to be influenced by the Greek style (Lomask, 1997). Her unrestricted and graceful movement of body has given her a special place in the works of various artists like writers, sculptors, painters, actors, musicians and film makers (Uminski, 2007). However, Duncan was overtly criticized by the narrow minded section of the society according to which she was far too advance than the era in which she was living (Uminski, 2007). Brought up in poor apartments, Duncan spent her childhood dancing alone on the beaches (Lomask, 1997). Hardships in her life made her stand up for deprived children and distressed women (Lomask, 1997). The maestro wanted to perform for mesmerizing the souls of the less privileged rather than for minting money (Lomask, 1997). This was clearly reflected in her costumes and make up. The dancer has clearly stated: (Duncan, 1927) When I speak of my School, people do not understand that I do not want paying pupils; I do not sell my soul for silver. I do not want the rich children. The have money and no need for Art. The children I long for are the orphans of the war, who have lost everything, who no longer have their fathers and mothers. As for me, I have little need of money. Look at my costumes. They are not complicated; they did not cost very much. Look at my decors, these simple blue curtains I have had since I first started dancing. As for jewel, I have no need for them. A flower is more beautiful in the hands of a woman than all the pearls and diamonds in the world. Collaborating Artists: Edward Gordon Craig & Constantin Stanislavski Isadora Duncan had an umpteenth number of artistic collaborators. Edward Gordon Craig and Constantin Stanislavski were considered as the chief collaborating artists for Duncan. The dancer met Craig, an actor, director, designer and graphic artist for the first time in Berlin in December 1904 (Zavrel, 2003). In the same year, Duncan opened her first dance school in Grunewa ld and her group was later known as the â€Å"Isadorables† (â€Å"Chapter 2†, n.d.). The two of them met again in Duncan’s recital, a Chopin program which was conducted in a simple background (Zavrel, 2003). Craig was highly impressed by Duncan’s performance and fell in love with her. Their love gave way to Duncan’s first daughter, Deidre who met with an unfortunate death in 1913 (Craig, n.d.). Craig eventually parted away with Duncan whom he used to call â€Å"Topsy† in 1907 (Craig, n.d.). A couple of years ago, both Duncan and her stage designer, Craig were brought into discussion (Holroyd, 2009). According to Holroyd, Duncan’s â€Å"nine-minute pas de deux with Craig is a wonderfully sustained and ingenious piece of erotic interplay†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Holroyd, 2009). During her tour of Russia between 1904 and 1907, Duncan first met Constantin Stanislavsky, the popular Russian theatre director who had deep admirations for the dancer (à ¢â‚¬Å"Chapter 2†, n.d.). At that time, Stanislavsky was occupied with Method of acting (Uminski, 2007). It has been stated, â€Å"The famous Stanislavsky Method of acting is nothing more than a device for switching on at will what Isadora called the ‘motor in my soul.† (Mazo, 2000:52) The director sponsored Duncan’s school in Russia where she had plans to educate children in dance (Uminski, 2007). In 1908 Isadora introduced Craig to Stanislavsky who offered Craig to direct their production of Hamlet (Edward Gordon Craig,

Computer Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Union Management and Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Explain the N.J. state court system entirely be sure to state and explain each court that comprises the sytem especially the 2 s - Essay Example They also hear decisions made by the State Division of taxation on matters of income tax, sales tax and business tax. The Superior court is the trial court where cases involving criminal, civil and family law are heard and decided. They decide all other cases that are not within the jurisdiction of the Municipal and Tax courts. The Appeals Court are divided into two, the Appellate Division of Superior Court and the New Jersey Supreme Court. In the Appellate Division, reviews and decides cases in division of at least two to three judges without trial or further evidence. It reviews and make sure that there were no mistakes or errors in the judgment and decisions of the Trial Courts, Tax Courts and State administrative agencies. The N.J. Supreme Court is the highest court in New Jersey and is the state’s court of last resort, ruling from the Appellate Division may be appealed here. The New Jersey Constitution limits its jurisdiction in cases involving a constitutional question, if a judge in the Appellate Division dissented, if capital punishment is used, or the court granted "certification," or if the case involves redistricting (Art VI). Its jurisdiction is limited in hearing appeals for legal issues and just like the Appellate Division, does not include trial of facts. 2000). Citation Van Dervort, T. R.

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The website has the right to choose one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The website has the right to choose one - Essay Example But it is possible that you dislike a thing that is good for you and that you love a thing that is bad for you. Allah knoweth and you knoweth not† (The Holy Quran: The Heifer (2): 216). We know that the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) never started a war but only fought in self-defense. He even tried his best to prevent those wars. He signed treaties like the treaty of Hudaibia at Makkah and treaty with the Jews in Madinah to avoid wars as wars cause bloodshed. Islam spreads the message of love, peace and harmony. Prophet (P.B.U.H) strived to keep minimum loss in his wars. A writer mentioned in his book that only a thousand people were killed in all his wars. Islam respects blood and tells Muslims to avoid bloodshed at all times and costs. Wars are harmful for everyone. It kills people, destroys the economy and results in a decline in civilizations. Muslims are not even allowed to kill the prisoners of war or ill treat them and they have to release them after taking a ransom amount from them. Once after a war Prophet (P.B.U.H) told the literate prisoners to teach ten Muslim children for a certain period of time in exchange of freedom. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was very kind to the war prisoners. Islam is all about peace. When a Muslim meets another, he greets him by saying ‘al-Salam Alaykum’ which means ‘Peace be upon you’ and the other’s reply would be ‘Alaykum al-Salam’ meaning ‘Upon you be Peace.’ The Holy Quran says, The Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) always spread the message of peace with Muslims as well as with non-Muslims. True Muslim leaders are known for characteristics such as peace, kindness and forgiveness. If the Muslim ummah unites and works peacefully, Islam can be advanced. During the early years of Prophet Hood people used to make fun of Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and tried to harm him in every way possible; however, he never returned the harm or even curse them in retaliation. Instead, he prayed to Allah to bring them

Party discipline and Canadian Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Party discipline and Canadian Democracy - Essay Example The Canadian government has a bicameral legislature form. The parliament is composed of The Senate (the Upper House) and The House of Commons or (the Lower House). The Senate represents the different regions, territories and provinces of Canada. The Upper House consists of 105 members also known as Senators. The House of Commons is composed of the representatives elected by the population. The House of Commons consists of 308 members. For formation of any law the bill need to be passed by the two legislative chambers.  Ã‚  Party DisciplineThe party discipline in Canada is the influencing ability of the parliament group to gets its political party members to support the policies and philosophy of their party leadership. It is the controlling power that the party leader has over the legislature. Party discipline is vital for the overall working of the system of the government that permits holding of political power by the parties. It has the ability to establish government infrastruc ture that is affected by lawful political process (Kilgour, â€Å"Discipline versus Democracy: Party Discipline in Canadian Politics†).Few of the major current political parties present in the House of Commons are Conservative Party of Canada (founded in 2003), Liberal Party of Canada, New Democratic Party and Bloc Quebecois. Strong party discipline is present in certain countries like UK, Canada, New Zealand, and many more. The legislature power is more in such countries which can even collapse the government by voting against the government.

Leadership-Development Programs Essay Example for Free

Leadership-Development Programs Essay 1.0 Background At the senior executive staff meeting of August 1, 2012, the director of operations suggested that Cliffside Holding Company of Massapequa (CHCM) establish a leadership-development program to prepare junior financial executives for future advancement into executive positions. Specifically, the proposal was to send 20 employees off-site each year for a three-week program offered by the Aspen Leadership Institute of Colorado at a cost of $5,000.00 USD per student. The total cost to CHCM would be $100,000.00 per year plus approximately the same amount for lost time on the job. 2.0 Discussion CHCM has been in business for over 50 years. Our average growth rate is 12% per annum. None of our twelve senior executives has attended a leadership development seminar and yet our company has been prosperous. This calls into question whether a leadership development program is even necessary. Moreover, since our leadership has been successful and effective without  such programs it appears that leaders are born, not made. In fact, I surveyed your senior staff and all but one agreed with this notion. To quote the famous economist Dr. Irwin Corey, each of us is â€Å"born into this world accompanied by a rich, psychical disposition, which furnishes him ready-made all his motivations of conduct†¦He can show a demand for nothing that is not prompted by this galaxy of instincts.† The online reference site Wikipedia defines leadership as â€Å"the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others.† There exists an entire school of leadership theory which holds that leaders have certain traits in common. Winston Churchill, Mother Theresa, Martin Luther King, Jr. – all possessed such leadership traits as ambition, self-confidence, and intelligence. These cannot be learned; they are innate. Two well-respected research studies that support the notion that personality traits can predict leadership were published in the Journal of Applied Psychology and in the Leadership Quarterly. In my own experience, I’ve also noted that a tall physical stature is possessed by leaders. Certainly no one can increase his or her heightit is determined by genetics. Note the heights of some of the greatest leaders in United States history in the table, below. Source: http://www.laughtergeneology.com , http://www.imdb.com and http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1682433/bio In fact, all members of your senior staff are over six feet tall with one exception: Ms. Florence Forsythe, the person advocating leadership development training. Moreover, I am suspect as to her intentions. Is it possible that she may covet my position as the human resources VP? Or is she motivated by the liberal notion that all citizens of a free nation have the right to pursue education and can achieve anything they desire? I suspect she is motivated by both personal gain and bleeding-heart liberal intentions. Once we start sending some people for leadership training, we will start getting numerous requests for expensive training that we simply cant afford. Regardless, if we spend our money on leadership development, we will not have enough to spend on recruitment. And, from the discussion above, it would be more logical to select and recruit those with leadership traits than to try and develop those who are not. Moreover, if we spend money sending the wrong people to leadership training, the whole program will be a waste of money. There are plenty of people who are already leaders; we don’t need to â€Å"train† those who are not. 3.0 Conclusion and Recommendation I speak for truth and common sense. CHCM should not invest in the proposed initiative to send its junior executives for annual leadership training. Leadership development programs are wasteful because the money is not well-spent. The advocate of this idea, Ms. Forsythe, is not really concerned about developing leaders for Cliffside Holding Co. Instead, Ms. Forsythe has a personal agenda to discredit me personally and push the theories of the Aspen Institute. As VP of Human Resources, I dont think  those theories are appropriate for the culture of CHCM.

Impact of Giorgio Armani on Fashion

Impact of Giorgio Armani on Fashion Introduction Giorgio Armani, the sole share holder, Chief Executive Officer, President and chief designer of Giorgio Armani SpA which is one of the most profitable fashion houses, is quite qualified for the interlocking work of design, management and marketing. Since the early eighties, he had been recognized as one of the most successful and well-selling designers in global fashion industry. Teri Agins (2000) stated that Giorgio Armani is one of the worlds best-selling designer, a creator who was equal parts steak and sizzle—fashion and marketing. In addition, once, it was published in Forbes (Richard Heller 2001) that ‘Armani is unique. Hes the only designer in the world who has been able to combine real creative genius with a tremendously astute business sense. As an icon to fashion newcomers, stars and fans, Giorgio Armani has created a super fashion empire which owns 10 lines (Armani Prive, Giorgio Armani, Armani Collezioni, Emporio Armani, AJ Armani Jeans, A/X Armani Exchange, Armani Junior, Armani Casa, Armani Cosmetic and Armani Hotel), more than three hundred stores in thirty-six countries, thirteen factories all over the world and approximately five thousand employees. He keeps perfect balance between the role of designer and director. Mr. Armani was chosen as the worlds most successful designer by Forbes in 2000 and honored with a lifetime achievement in a 2004s gala event organized by the Fashion Group International which is a global non-profit association with a membership of over 6000 professionals of achievement and influence representing all areas of the fashion, apparel, accessories, beauty, and home industries to commend his inapproachability talents and high status in fashion area. This article will be separated into three parts to wholly demonstrate Giorgio Armanis major contribution and evaluate his status and impact in the field of fashion. The Design Revolution Giorgio Armani brought Giorgio Armanis Unique Marketing Strategy Conclusion Design Revolutionary Giorgio Armani, one of the most famous fashion designers known by people of all ranks and classes in the world, is the undisputed genius of fashion. This Italian designer first made a name for himself by his menswear. Followed 1975s successful menswear fashion show, he started designing chicly womens wear in 1976. However, Armani lead the fashion trend at that time and indeed revolutionized the mens and womens dressing way, thus he was usually cited as the worlds best-recognized, most commercially successful, and personally wealthy designer. (Mary Lisa Gavenas, 2008) ‘Elegant, ‘Masculine and ‘minimal are the commonest words to describe Armanis style. All Armanis cuts are simple, clean and as straight as possible. It nullifies the conflict between dignity and sex, between dress and power. It also produces an aesthetic beauty on the level of the liberation of social minorities and sexualities; acquires public importance through diffusion and mass culture, while remaining open to the imaginary and the sensual; creates narcissistic commodities no longer determined only by functionality, but also by such models of symbolic identification as gender and status. ( Germane Celant , 2000) Iconic Design As a fashion master, Giorgio Armani has created a significant number of design classics, such as ‘Pantsuits for women, ‘Unconstructed Suit , ‘Ethnic Style and ‘Casual Luxury. But if we have to select one as his representative work, jacket, is the inevitable choice. It is generally known that Armani is dubbed as the king of jackets by mass media, not merely because he is the first person who designed the jacket in 1975, but also since he devoted to update it and make it iconic. For Giorgio Armani, one jacket was all it took to initiate his triumphant career and to change both the streetscape and the history of fashion. Certainly it was a special jacket, something new, which miraculously illustrated the needs and not merely the aesthetic of the moment. It was created to fit the restlessness and new authority of women, and to offer men the impetus to liberate themselves from the uncomfortable armor they had been using to protect their dignity and insecurities. (N atalia Aspesi, 2000) As mentioned in the Emporio Armani magazine, published in 1996, ‘when I began to design, men all dressed in the same way. American industry called the shots, with its technicians scattered all over the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ all impeccably equal, equally impeccable. The Mao Syndrome. Everyone wore the same uniform, a bit wider here, a bit more tapered there, but the substance was always the same. You couldnt tell them apart. They had no defects. But I liked defect. I wanted to personalize the jacket, to make it more closely attuned to its wearer. How? By removing the structure. Making it into a sort of second skin. Armani is bold in making innovations and he has never stopped his step. He exerted himself to develop his design around the jacket which was the staring pointing for his career. Armani renewed and redesigned the jacket almost each season. He illustrated that his small but crucial discovery lies in having imagined garment which falls over the body in a surprisingly natur al manner. (Giorgio Armani, 1996) The appearance of jacket offered a new way of dressing for both men and women. Germane Celant (2000) pointed that his jacket was a tool of unstable identity that could adapt itself to any bodily context whatsoever, thus satisfying the emotional and psychological requirements of a femininity tending to the masculine as well as a masculinity that aspired; it situated itself in the area of androgyny. However, jacket has been created for more than twenty years, but so far it has been widely updating in fashion industry. There is no exaggeration to say that, from mass market to luxury market, the iconic design jacket existed everywhere of fashion area. Mens Wear It is widely known that Giorgio Armani began his career by freeing men from the monotonous uniform and offering them varied ways to dress. From years to years, collection to collection, he increasingly designed casual luxury, comfortable but cool menswear on the basis of clear knowing mens desire. It is commented by Farid Chenoune (1993) that Armani initially designed clothes for sexy, thickest and broad-bottomed men, thereby shifting the center of masculine anatomical interest from the back (in contrast to the earlier fashion for tight, flat pants with their ‘exposed—beam look). As mentioned before, in 1975, Giorgio Armani caused a splash in fashion industry. His shocked-world jacket was endorsed by male fans who clustered round Armanis fashion concept. Through several years exploration and innovation, Armani became one of the best-selling menswear designers in the end of 1970s, but he didnt became dizzy with the successes already won, he continued to expand his impact in fashion trend, especially in menswear. In the beginning of 1980s, with the popularization of cinema and television, the whole society has liberate its male sartorial possibilities so they may often coexist and interpenetrate (Anne Hollander, 1994). Armani successfully caught the chance and established cooperated relations with Hollywoods movie industry. Paul Schraders 1980 film American Gigolo put Armani on the publics radar again. In the movie, actor Richard Gere dressed exclusively in Armani. Teri Agins (2000) suggested that the movie was a walking Armani fashion show. Indeed, from then on, mens dressing perception was absolutely different. Maetha J. Nelson (2000) also supported that the imagination that shaped a wardrobe so supple and seductive for Richard in American Gigolo that menswear in this country was never the same again. Giorgio Armani, whose design style was looked upon as sexy, elegance and good quality, was recognized as a progenitor of the Wall Street‘Yuppie. Womens Wear ‘Giorgio Armani changed the face of womens fashion beginning in the ‘70s. Thousands of confused women placed their confidence in him, and were overnight transformed to best dressed. said by Anjelica Huston, an actress. The famous architect Gae Aulenti also declared for this view. She explained that Armani is expressing with continuity a sense elegance that derives from both the intellect and the sense. According to female celebrities appreciation to Armani, it is easy to understand and conclude the status and influence of Giorgio Armani in womens wear design. Armani had cast the same spell over a new generation of executive women who were unimpressed with the fussy, figure-molding haute couture that was coming out of Paris. Armanis soft, comfortable tailoring went over big in feminist age (Teri Agins, 2000). As Anne Hollander (1994) mentioned in Sex and Suit: the evolution of modern dress, the modernizing clothes for women had meant copying mens clothes, directly or indirectly, one way or another. Giorgio Armani may not be the first or the sole one who borrowed menswears tailor to womens wear, but he may be the one who made the greatest impact. It is also supported by Farid Chenoune (1993) that Armani dressed women in fashions directly inspired by menswear and gave professional women the same kind of subtly powerful uniform that men had. In the 1970s, since women were allowed to share the job with men and assert themselves in office, the need of suitable and graceful working-clothes was pressing. Coward (1984) indicated that womens bodies and the messages which clothes can add are the repositories of the social definitions of sexuality, and women are always the defined sex and the display of those definitions. Giorgio Armani was aware of it and went in for designing what business women want. From 1970s to current, Giorgio Armani, whose pantsuits were the pinnacle of ‘power-dressing, has demonstrated a major contribution in working womens fashion. Fashion begins and ends with the consumer (Maria Costantino, 1998). Since Armani knew clearly his customers needs and satisfied them, his label has become synonymous with the power suit. Maetha J. Nelson (2000), the managing editor of In Style Magazine, criticized Giorgio Armanis contribution in womens wear that ‘The designer who showed women they could dress for the office without looking like men. UNIQUE MARKETING STRATEGY Giorgio Armani, who built the empire by himself, is not only a great designer, but also a marketing genius with astute business sense. Armanis marketing strategies always combine with his design. Armanis huge success is attributed to his fantastic design, creative marketing strategy and distinct business form. None of them could be ignored. From 1980 onward, Armani proved his business mettle by successfully sign license, expanding into allied fields, open his own stores, maintaining tight control of his distribution, and acquiring established manufacturing facilities (Mary Lisa Gavenas, 2008). He had the initiative of his empire by the 21st century, while his peers had sold their business. Celebrity Strategy The symbiotic and tight relationship between fashion designers and celebrities, especially the Hollywoods stars, could tract back to the 1950s. As Martha Nelson, the editor of in Style, concluded that celebrities work on another level because people think of them as real people more than models. There is no doubt that celebrities are symbols of fashion trend. Personal purchase bias of mass, paying close attention to what they wear, which brand they adore, may be influenced by celebrities, such as singer, actor, sport star, artist and socialite. Celebrity strategy, which was supported to carry out by Giorgio Armani, is of prime importance in Armanis promotion plan and plays a significant part in brand growing. Teri Agins (2000) proved that Armani was the first designer to milk his celebrity connections by developing a publicity machine to get his clothes on the backs of Hollywoods most influential and most visible A-list of actors, directors, producers and agents. Such headliners became an integral component of his master marketing plan to keep his trademark in lights Since 1980s, Armani has designed for celebrities to attend Oscars or other red-carpet events. For this Italian designer, Oscar night was regarded as a key marketing chance to publicize his brand. With the huge success of his celebrity strategy, Armani is widely favored by celebrities and regarded as the sure choice. Hamish Bowles (2000) pointed that Armanis intimate involvement with present-day Hollywood seems therefore an inevitable one. Diffusion Line It is difficult to confirm that Giorgio Armani is the first designer who put forward the concept of diffusion lines, but he must be the most successful designer who created his own sub-brands and diversified new product categories, created a coherent ‘branded environment'(Mark Tungate, 2005). From haute couture to ready-to-wear, from menswear to womens wear, from evening dress to home wear, from cosmetic to hotel, Armani offers varied products and Armanis featured lifestyle to different ranks and classes. After Armanis first attempt and success in brand extension, a significant number of fashion companies followed his step, develop their own sub-brand, which extremely changes the structure of fashion industry. Giorgio Armanis empire has developed 10 lines whose objects oriented are various. Followed section will simply introduce them. Armani Prive: Haute couture line. It is only available for the top part of customer pyramid. It is regarded as the sure dressing for celebrities to attend red-carpet events Giorgio Armani:The most expensive label for ready-to-wear. It is the most favorite brand for the elites who work in the Wall Street, and the executive women who are wealthy, confident and stylish. Armani Collezioni: The high end line for ready-to-wear, but cheaper than Giorgio Armani. The line is typically aimed at an older customer who does not desire trendy design, but places emphasis on high quality more classic items ( YourNewFragrance.com, 2008). Emporio Armani:The medium line designed for ambitious youth. This line is unique because it features products that more affordable than the products featured on high end lines, but also supplies items that cost more than the ones in cheaper lines (Paulagerie, 2009). AJ Armani Jeans:The special line for denim-related garments. A/X Armani Exchange: The lower-end line. It is geared toward older teens and young adults with a contemporary fashion style (YourNewFragrance.com, 2008). Armani Junior: A line designed for children. Armani Casa: Special high-end home lines, whose products include furniture, linens, home wear and so on. Armani Cosmetic: A special collection of Armani featured cosmetics, such as skin care, perfume, and cologne. Armani Hotel: Under this label, there are luxury hotels and resorts which smoothly give publicity to Amanas lifestyle. Conclusion If we considered the couture designer as an artist (Linda Welters, 2007), Giorgio Armani has done for fashion which Picasso has done for painting (Franco Maria Ricci, 1982). Colin McDowell (1997) commented that Armani look can be worn by all age group with confidence because like Chanels fashion for women, it eschews gimmicks, ignores fashion fads and springs from a philosophy based on an understanding of mens needs and a faultless technique which brings its own logic to everything the designer creates. It is indisputable to research and analyze in two direction  created a niche for himself with his elegant designs, mostly done in a neutral palette. Although his fashion house, , was much smaller than many other fashion houses, it was one of the most profitable. Another distinctive feature of the house was that Armani headed both the creative as well as the business sides, which was not the norm in the industry.

Of Mice and Men :: essays research papers

In the book, Of Mice and Men, a duo of friends tries to reach their utopia but their dream is shattered by a man's weak mind. Throughout the book, Lennie and George stick by each other through hard times and harsh characters. When Lennie was chased by a gang of angry people, George did the only thing he knew possible to help Lennie escape from these people. When George shot Lennie, at first I thought that he was being unreasonable. Lennie could've gone to an asylum or a shelter, but he didn't need to be killed. However, by killing Lennie, George saved him from the horrible death by the mob and perhaps more from the reality of their unreachable utopia. I don't know if I could do the same to try to help a weak friend. If someone dear to me even asked me to kill them to relieve them from something, I still don't think I could do it. But George showed a kind of courage by saving Lennie. He let Lennie go to the only reachable utopia he knew that Lennie could possibly attain: heaven. I was also very sad when Candy's dreams were shattered. Even Crooks, the old black man, had a part in this dream of the perfect ranch, but because of one adulterous, flirtatious woman, his hopes of making something better of himself flew away. I hate it when something that would do so much good is not possible. If Candy, George, Lennie, and Crooks ever actually got this utopian ranch, it would make Lennie happy, Candy content, and would give Crooks something to do other than mope. But because Lennie's feeble mind caused him to make mistakes, this dream was destroyed. I pity every single person in this book, even thought the setting was not horrible. What makes the book so melancholy was that the characters could do so much more with themselves if they just tried.

Contracting Essay examples -- essays research papers

Entering and contracting Entering and contracting are the initial steps taken in the OD process, and is considered by many as one the most important steps of the process. The entering and contracting step will be utilized to set the pace and lay the foundation for the practitioner client relationship. They involve a preliminary evaluation of the organization’s opportunities for development, while establishing a collaborative relationship between the OD practitioner and the members of the client system. A major component of entering and contracting is to make a good decision about how to carry out the OD process. The contract allows the parties involved to explicitly set the direction of the project and how the process will take place. The OD contract will generally address three key areas: setting mutual expectation or what each party expects to gain from the OD process; the time and resources that will be devoted to it; and the ground rules for working together and the stating of what are the proper roles of all the parties involved including the practitioner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this process, a mutual agreement is established between the OD practitioner and the members of the client system in how the OD consultant will work on the problems within the organization. Hence, during entering and contracting, the organization’s problems and opportunities for growth and improvement are discussed between these two parties. During this process, the limitations are set on how the consultant can execute the different phases of the OD process. The entering and contracting step is extremely significant because it constitutes the initial activities of the OD process. It sets the parameters for the phases of planned changed that follow: diagnosing, planning and implementing change and evaluating and institutionalizing it. Developing the OD contract focuses on making sound decisions that establish the groundwork for the future success of the project. Data collection Data Collection is the process of collecting information that will be utilized in the diagnostic process and eventually used to make business recommendation. In this data collection process, it is critical to ensure the highest quality of data possible. In the data collection component, the information is gathered on the specific department or organization such as inputs, design components, an... ....m. instead of 5.00 p.m.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Output went up  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They were dismissed at 4.00 p.m.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Output remained the same  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally, all the improvements were taken away, and the girls went back to the physical conditions of the beginning of the experiment: work on Saturday, 48 hour week, no rest pauses, no piece work and no free meal. This state of affairs lasted for a period of 12 weeks.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Output was the highest ever recorded averaging 3000 relays a week. What happened was that six individuals became a team and the team gave itself wholeheartedly and spontaneously to co-operation in the experiment. The consequence was that they felt themselves to be participating freely and without afterthought and were happy in the knowledge that they were working without coercion from above or limitation from below. They were themselves satisfied at the consequence for they felt that they were working under less pressure than ever before. In fact regular medical checks showed no signs of cumulative fatigue and absence from work declined by 80 per cent.

A Comparison of Berrypicking and Sense-Making in Human Information Behavior

In today’s society, people are inundated with information from a variety of sources, including television programs, radio shows, newspaper articles and the Internet. Daily exposure to this new information provides the opportunity to further our knowledge and understanding of a subject by doing further research but what is the most effective way to go about doing so? Two different approaches based on Human Information Behavior (HIB) have been modeled which help identify individual’s information-seeking behavior and provide guidance for creating systems which make searching for information a successful proposition.The two approaches that will be examined in this paper include the â€Å"Berrypicking† model proposed by Marcia Bates and Brenda Dervin’s methodology â€Å"Sense-Making†. These two principles vary widely in their scope but are complementary as systems to aid in an information search. Berrypicking Before the late 1980’s, the universal model in information retrieval (IR) research was referred to as â€Å"one query, one use†.According to Marcia Bates, real information searching by an individual does not always conform to the â€Å"one query, one use† method that had been assumed. Bates states that with the development of more sophisticated computer systems that evolved over time, a new design based on the way that regular human beings in real-life situations perform searches for information was necessary (Bates, 2005). She presented a model of the Berrypicking search, and then proposed a variety of design features for users of online systems and other information systems.In Marcia Bates’ model of Berrypicking, information seeking behavior is modeled as an â€Å"evolving search† (Bates, 1989) whereby the search starts with one query, but is modified at various points based on the information returned by that initial query. The final result may not match the original query, because new inf ormation introduced during the search process may identify alternate paths to follow in finding the most accurate data in the least amount of results.Bates compares this process to â€Å"real life† searching in manual applications such as footnote chasing, citation searching, journal runs, etc. (Bates, 1989). She used such searches to form the basis of a system that would allow users to follow these same manual processes within electronic files. Bates provides a number of applications for Berrypicking in her article; unfortunately most are outdated due to today’s advances in technology. The process she outlined, however, is still in use for a number of applications today. One example of Berrypicking involves a typical Internet search.A user might begin the hunt for information by using a popular search engine, but the results returned often provide hyperlinks within pages which then takes the user on a different search down an alternate path. Each new click provides th e opportunity to revise the original search, ultimately leading the user to a new set of results. Bates argues that Berrypicking should not be considered browsing, because while browsing allows a user to redirect their searching, it is more random and undirected, whereas Berrypicking is an integrated part of the information seeking process.Bates (1989) also identifies Berrypicking as searching within the individual’s â€Å"Universe of Interest† (or what information they are interested in seeking) in their own â€Å"Universe of Knowledge† (which includes what they may already know to get them started on their search) but this model does not hold up to the example of a typical Internet search due to the all-inclusive nature of the world wide web. Any query online could provide results that may be outside of an initial universe of interest by exposing alternate concepts or ideas and thus enhancing the search process.The inclusion of Figure 3 (Bates, 1989 ) in this model seems to be a rather weak one; perhaps due to the fact that the Internet has evolved so much since the introduction of this model in 1989. Sense-Making Alternately, Brenda Dervin’s Sense-Making Methodology delineates the behavior an individual follows when he seeks to fill a gap in his understanding of information rather than the searching steps that occur to reach it. Sense-Making endeavors to explain how â€Å"the individual defines and attempts to bridge discontinuities or gaps† (Dervin, 1992) in information.Dervin likens this process to a person crossing a bridge. In this case, an individual attempts to fill a gap between himself and the other side. The decisions he makes as well as his responses to the situation will determine how this person actually maneuvers. Sense-Making focuses on examining the capacity of the user to impact the flow of information between systems and users. This methodology has a wide applicability because it does not attempt to model specific information-seeking behavior but rather the thought process that occurs in conjunction with it.In her article Dervin offers several examples of ways in which this approach has already been used. In one example researchers attempted to understand where a gap existed in communication from a community library and its Hispanic population. After many failed attempts to reach this population through usual publicity efforts, researchers formulated a Sense-Making methodology in the form of a questionnaire that targeted a group of users at the library and asked them the specific question, â€Å"How were you helped? † (Dervin, 1992).This question gave the researchers a better understanding of the needs of this community by delving into their thought processes: â€Å"It helped us to see patrons from a different point of view; to understand them better† (Dervin, 1992). Through an application of the Sense-Making methodology this library was able to fill the discontinuity b etween the library and its Hispanic patrons by listening to the needs of the targeted population. The challenge in using the Sense-Making approach to eradicate a gap is that the behaviors exhibited may not be understood until after the event is over.Comparison and Contrast Dervin would argue that one way to understand the fundamental differences between Berrypicking and Sense-Making is to examine the different ways that theories can be used to define them. Theory, when used to describe the Berrypicking system, would most closely match what Dervin calls theory of the first kind, or that which â€Å"results from observation† (Dervin, 2005). Theory of the second kind is defined as the broader theories that direct the observation process; they are also known as metatheories.However, Sense-Making does not fall into this category. Sense-Making is an attempt to link theories of the first kind with theories of the second kind, or what Dervin (2005) calls theory of the third kind â₠¬â€œ methodological theory. As a new methodology underlying the relationship between the theory that directs observation and the theory that results from observation, Sense-Making is highly powerful in its capacity to call into question earlier research methods and conclusions.An important aspect in studying HIB is the focus on the user, rather than the system. Each of these two approaches explains the core concepts behind user behavior and work methodologies rather than attempting to conform human behavior to fit an existing system. Both ideas are concerned with analyzing the way an increased focus on users can impact information systems and aid the unrestrained flow of information.Berrypicking is a fairly narrow model, representative of a specific type of HIB (searching) and it has limits in applicability to other types of information-seeking behavior. Sense-Making has a broader application, because the methodology is also part of a theory (theory for methodology) which can be use d to study various types of HIB. Dervin argues that users should be viewed as moving through a space-time continuum using multiple strategies and systems as they attempt to make sense of their world and address gaps in their knowledge.Tonyia Tidline (2005) notes in her dissertation Making Sense of Art as Information, â€Å"Sense-Making has great utility for shifting researchers’ focus from categorization to process, a focus that might better reflect the intricacies of information behavior†. Tidline asserts that Brenda Dervin’s ideas about information needs and the methodology of information-focused research are not effective by themselves, but become so when used in combination with other methods and theories to improve how we observe, analyze and understand information behavior (Tidline, 2005).Consequently, the Berrypicking model, when used in conjunction with the Sense-Making methodology would be complementary and allow for the achievement of better results in those designing systems for IR. Berrypicking could be used as part of Sense-Making/gap-filling process by a user, because each new evolution of the search could fill a new gap or satisfy a discontinuity in our reality. Conclusion Theories or models provide us with a way of understanding and identifying HIB.In our daily lives we have an endless number of opportunities to interact with information. Some of this behavior is obvious, but not always. At times our need for new information is only required to bridge the gap in knowledge of something we do not understand. How we attempt to obtain that understanding depends on our circumstances and resources and how well we use each. This paper examined two approaches to HIB: Marcia Bates’ model Berrypicking and Brenda Dervin's methodology Sense-Making.Both of these approaches were designed to help researchers understand and better assist users in their exploration of information, whether their need is to search across multiple types of resources or to better communicate about unfamiliar topics. As systems designers endeavor to develop products that assist users in the search for information, they will be well served to grasp a greater understanding of HIB and consequently, the principles behind Berrypicking and Sense-Making. Individuals who seek further understanding of the world and its plethora of information will profit immensely from this well-rounded approach.